This is a powerful account of how the ruin and resurrection of Zhuangzi in modern China's literary history correspond to the rise and fall of modern Chinese individuality. The book highlights two central philosophical themes of Zhuangzi: the absolute spiritual freedom and the rejection of absolute and fixed views on right and wrong. It argues that the twentieth-century reinterpretation and appropriation of these two important philosophical themes best testify to the dilemma and inner struggle of modern Chinese intellectuals.